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Resolution Professional (RP) Mumbai | CIRP Advisory | N D Savla & Associates
RP Support

Resolution Professional (RP) Services
Expert CIRP Management Under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code

Information memorandum preparation, Section 29A eligibility screening, Section 30(2) plan evaluation, CoC facilitation, NCLT compliance certificates and liquidation transition — the strategic phase of the CIRP.

What Is a Resolution Professional and What Role Does the RP Play in the Insolvency Process?

Once the Interim Resolution Professional has laid the groundwork — taking charge of the corporate debtor, verifying claims, and constituting the Committee of Creditors — the insolvency process enters its most consequential phase. The Resolution Professional takes the helm and steers the entire Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process towards either a successful resolution or an orderly liquidation. The RP's effectiveness determines whether a distressed company gets a second chance at survival or whether its assets are parcelled out among creditors in a winding-up process.

N D Savla & Associates provides comprehensive advisory and compliance support to Resolution Professionals, the Committee of Creditors, corporate debtors, and resolution applicants throughout the CIRP. Our team works alongside insolvency professionals to ensure that every aspect of the process — from information memorandum preparation to resolution plan evaluation — meets the standards set by the IBC and the IBBI. We bring the same depth of expertise to RP support as we do to our broader insolvency advisory practice and our support for Interim Resolution Professionals.

Our approach prioritises practical outcomes. We do not produce advisory reports that sit in filing cabinets. Every recommendation is designed to be implemented within the compressed timelines of the CIRP, ensuring that the corporate debtor's value is maximised and stakeholder interests are protected.

A Resolution Professional is a registered insolvency professional appointed by the Committee of Creditors under Section 22 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, to manage the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process from the point of CoC formation until the process concludes. The RP replaces or continues from the IRP and takes over full management of the corporate debtor's affairs for the duration of the CIRP.

The RP's role is fundamentally different from the IRP's. While the IRP's mandate is to stabilise the situation and form the CoC within 30 days, the RP's mandate is strategic — to explore all viable options for resolving the corporate debtor's insolvency through a resolution plan, and to present the best available options to the CoC for decision-making. The RP acts as a bridge between the corporate debtor, its creditors, potential resolution applicants, and the NCLT.

The RP is a fiduciary with obligations to all stakeholders, not just the CoC. This means the RP must balance the interests of financial creditors, operational creditors, employees, workmen, and other parties affected by the insolvency. The RP is accountable to the IBBI for professional conduct and to the NCLT for compliance with the statutory framework.

Who Needs Resolution Professional Support Services?

The CIRP involves multiple parties with competing interests, and each requires specialised advisory support. N D Savla & Associates serves each stakeholder category with tailored financial and compliance expertise.

Resolution Professionals Seeking Financial Advisory

Registered insolvency professionals appointed as RPs need robust financial support to prepare information memorandums, verify and update creditor claims, conduct valuations, evaluate resolution plans for financial feasibility, and prepare reports for the NCLT and IBBI. Our chartered accountants work as an integrated part of the RP's team, providing the financial backbone that the process requires. We also support RPs who may later transition to the role of liquidator if the CIRP does not result in a successful resolution.

Committee of Creditors Members

Financial creditors who sit on the CoC need independent financial analysis to evaluate resolution plans presented to them. Each resolution plan contains financial projections, proposed debt restructuring terms, and implementation timelines that require scrutiny by qualified professionals. We assist CoC members in understanding the financial viability of competing plans and the likely recovery outcomes under each scenario.

Resolution Applicants and Investors

Parties interested in acquiring or restructuring the corporate debtor need financial due diligence support, valuation expertise, and advisory on structuring resolution plans that meet the requirements of Section 30 and Section 29A of the IBC. Our firm assists resolution applicants in preparing financially viable and legally compliant plans that stand the best chance of CoC and NCLT approval. We also advise on the broader merger and restructuring implications of resolution plans.

Corporate Debtors and Their Promoters

The management team and promoters of the corporate debtor — while suspended from management during CIRP — remain important stakeholders who may have obligations related to information provision, cooperation with the RP, and in some cases, submission of their own resolution plans (subject to Section 29A eligibility). Our firm advises promoters on their rights and obligations during CIRP and, where applicable, on alternative paths such as voluntary liquidation.

How Has the Role of the Resolution Professional Evolved in Indian Insolvency Law?

The Resolution Professional is a creation of the IBC era. No equivalent role existed in India's previous insolvency framework, and the RP's powers and responsibilities have been significantly refined through legislative amendments, IBBI regulations, and judicial interpretation since 2016.

Pre-IBC — No Independent Resolution Management

Under the Sick Industrial Companies Act and the BIFR framework, distressed companies were typically managed by their own promoters throughout the rehabilitation process. Court-appointed administrators existed in limited winding-up proceedings under the Companies Act, but there was no concept of an independent professional managing a time-bound resolution process with the objective of maximising value for creditors. The absence of this role was one of the primary reasons why India's insolvency outcomes were so poor — promoters had no incentive to cooperate with resolution, and creditors had no mechanism to force a change in management.

Post-Liberalisation — Piecemeal Reforms

After 1991, India introduced several mechanisms for debt recovery — Debt Recovery Tribunals under the DRT Act of 1993, the SARFAESI Act in 2002, and corporate debt restructuring frameworks through RBI guidelines. None of these provided for independent professional management of the debtor. CDR packages were negotiated between banks and borrowers without independent oversight, leading to evergreening of loans and repeated restructuring without genuine resolution. The World Bank's Doing Business reports consistently highlighted this gap.

The IBC Framework and the RP's Central Role (2016 Onwards)

The IBC drew on the United Kingdom's insolvency practitioner model and the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide to create the RP role. Key features include mandatory registration with IBBI, professional conduct standards enforced through disciplinary proceedings, personal liability for certain breaches, and fiduciary obligations to all stakeholders. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has progressively strengthened the RP's role through amendments — notably the 2019 amendment that introduced Section 12A (allowing withdrawal of CIRP with CoC approval) and the pre-packaged insolvency framework for MSMEs in 2021.

Judicial Refinements

The Supreme Court's Essar Steel judgment was pivotal in clarifying the RP's role in plan evaluation and the CoC's commercial wisdom in selecting resolution plans. The judgment confirmed that the CoC has overriding commercial authority in approving plans, but the NCLT retains the power to ensure that plans comply with Section 30(2) requirements. Subsequent NCLAT and Supreme Court decisions have further clarified the RP's reporting obligations, the treatment of avoidance transactions, and the scope of the RP's investigation powers under Section 25(2)(j).

What Is the Step-by-Step Process for a Resolution Professional During CIRP?

The RP's work follows a structured sequence mandated by the IBC and IBBI CIRP Regulations. Each stage involves specific deliverables, stakeholder interactions, and compliance requirements.

01

Appointment and Transition

The CoC appoints the RP at its first meeting. If the RP is different from the IRP, a formal handover of all records, assets, and management responsibilities takes place. The RP must file an acceptance and disclosure with the IBBI.
IBC — Section 22
02

Ongoing Management of Corporate Debtor

The RP manages the corporate debtor as a going concern throughout the CIRP. This includes overseeing daily operations, managing cash flows, making essential business decisions, and preserving the corporate debtor's assets and value.
IBC — Section 25
03

Preparation of the Information Memorandum

The RP prepares a comprehensive information memorandum containing the financial position, assets, liabilities, operational details, and other material information about the corporate debtor. This document is shared with eligible resolution applicants under strict confidentiality agreements.
IBC — Section 29
04

Invitation of Resolution Plans

The RP issues a formal invitation to eligible resolution applicants — those who meet the criteria under Section 29A — to submit resolution plans. The invitation specifies the format, requirements, and deadline for submission.
IBC — Section 29A
05

Evaluation of Resolution Plans

The RP evaluates received plans against the mandatory requirements of Section 30(2) — payment of insolvency resolution process costs, operational creditor dues, and workmen dues. The RP prepares a compliance report for each plan and presents them to the CoC.
IBC — Section 30(2)
06

CoC Deliberation and Voting

The CoC reviews, negotiates, and votes on resolution plans. A plan requires approval by 66 per cent of the voting share. The RP facilitates CoC meetings, presents analysis, and addresses queries from creditors throughout the deliberation process.
07

Submission to NCLT

Once the CoC approves a resolution plan, the RP submits it to the NCLT for final approval. The RP files a compliance certificate confirming that the plan meets all statutory requirements under the IBC.
IBC — Section 31
08

Implementation Support or Liquidation Transition

If the plan is approved by the NCLT, the RP facilitates the handover to the successful resolution applicant and assists with implementation. If no plan is approved within 330 days, the RP assists in the transition to liquidation proceedings under Section 33.
ImportantThe entire CIRP — from admission to resolution plan approval — must be completed within 330 days. The RP must manage the process within this hard deadline. Missing the timeline results in mandatory liquidation of the corporate debtor.

How Do RP Services Apply Across Different Sectors?

Manufacturing and Heavy Industry

Resolution plans for manufacturing companies often involve operational turnaround strategies combined with debt restructuring. The RP must prepare information memorandums that accurately represent the going concern value of the manufacturing operations, including detailed asset inventories, equipment condition assessments, and operational capacity analysis. Prospective resolution applicants need reliable financial data to structure commercially viable proposals. Our team assists RPs with detailed financial analysis and valuation support tailored to manufacturing operations.

Real Estate and Construction

Real estate CIRP cases involve complex stakeholder dynamics — homebuyers as financial creditors, multiple secured lenders, regulatory approvals from RERA and local authorities, and ongoing construction obligations. The RP must balance the commercial interests of financial creditors with the statutory protections afforded to homebuyers. Resolution plans must address project completion timelines, allottee rights, and regulatory compliance. Our firm brings both financial expertise and regulatory awareness to support RPs in real estate insolvency matters.

Technology and Services

Companies in the technology and services sector typically have significant intangible assets — intellectual property, software platforms, client contracts, and skilled workforce. The RP must accurately value these intangibles and present them effectively in the information memorandum. Resolution plans for tech companies often involve acqui-hire structures, IP licensing arrangements, and service contract assignments that require specialised financial and legal structuring.

Trading and Distribution

Trading companies in insolvency typically have significant receivables, inventory, and supply chain relationships. The RP must manage working capital carefully during CIRP, collect outstanding receivables, and maintain supplier relationships to preserve going concern value. Our firm assists RPs with receivables analysis, inventory audits, and working capital management. We also support demand notice consultations for operational creditors pursuing claims against trading entities.

Why Should You Choose N D Savla & Associates for Resolution Professional Support?

Proven CIRP Experience

Our firm has supported Resolution Professionals across multiple CIRP engagements. We understand the practical challenges — from managing cash-strapped operations during the moratorium to evaluating complex resolution plans with multi-layered debt restructuring provisions. Our team brings hands-on experience, not just theoretical knowledge.

Comprehensive Financial Analysis

We provide end-to-end financial support throughout the CIRP — claims verification, asset valuation, information memorandum preparation, resolution plan financial analysis, and compliance reporting. Our integrated approach ensures consistency and accuracy across all financial workstreams.

Regulatory Precision

The CIRP involves continuous regulatory compliance — IBBI filings, NCLT reports, CoC meeting procedures, and resolution plan evaluation against Section 30(2) requirements. Our team maintains current knowledge of all applicable regulations, circulars, and judicial precedents. This extends to our broader capabilities in insolvency and bankruptcy matters at the NCLT.

Stakeholder-Balanced Advisory

We provide independent, objective analysis that serves the integrity of the insolvency process. Our advice considers the interests of all stakeholders — financial creditors, operational creditors, employees, and the corporate debtor — in line with the fiduciary obligations of the Resolution Professional under the IBC.

Our Broader Insolvency and Restructuring Services

The RP sits at the centre of the CIRP — our practice covers every role and route around it:

Frequently Asked Questions About Resolution Professional Services

What is a Resolution Professional and how is the RP different from an IRP?
A Resolution Professional is a registered insolvency professional who manages the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process after the initial 30-day IRP phase. While the IRP handles the startup phase — taking charge of the corporate debtor and forming the CoC — the RP manages the entire resolution process including inviting resolution plans, evaluating them, conducting CoC meetings, and submitting the approved plan to the NCLT. The IRP may continue as the RP if the CoC so decides.
Who appoints the Resolution Professional under the IBC?
The Resolution Professional is appointed by the Committee of Creditors at its first meeting. The CoC can either confirm the Interim Resolution Professional as the RP or replace the IRP with a different registered insolvency professional. The appointment requires a resolution passed by 66 per cent of the voting share in the CoC.
What are the main responsibilities of a Resolution Professional during CIRP?
The RP manages the corporate debtor as a going concern, conducts CoC meetings, prepares the information memorandum, invites and evaluates resolution plans from eligible applicants, ensures compliance with IBBI regulations and NCLT directions, files periodic reports with the Tribunal, and submits the CoC-approved resolution plan for NCLT approval. The RP acts as a fiduciary responsible to all stakeholders.
How long does a Resolution Professional remain in charge of the insolvency process?
The RP manages the CIRP from the point of appointment until a resolution plan is approved by the NCLT, or until the NCLT orders liquidation. The total CIRP period cannot exceed 330 days from the date of admission, including all extensions. If no plan is approved within this timeframe, the RP facilitates the transition to liquidation proceedings.
Can the Resolution Professional be replaced during the CIRP?
Yes. The Committee of Creditors can replace the Resolution Professional at any time during the CIRP by passing a resolution with 66 per cent of the voting share. The CoC must propose a replacement RP who is a registered insolvency professional. The replacement must be approved by the NCLT.
Practitioner tipEarly engagement of experienced financial advisors during the CIRP can significantly improve the quality of the information memorandum, attract stronger resolution applicants, and increase the likelihood of a successful resolution outcome. IBBI data shows that resolution plans yield recovery rates of 32 to 36 per cent compared to less than 8 per cent in liquidation.

Need expert Resolution Professional support?

Talk to our IBC team — information memorandum, plan evaluation under Section 30(2), CoC analysis and NCLT compliance inside the 330-day cap.

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Email: nainitsavla@savlagroup.in  |  N D Savla & Associates, Chartered Accountants, Mumbai